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Which are the main functions of Thyroid Gland?

The thyroid gland is a neuroendocrine, located just below the Adam's apple with the thyroid cartilage and trachea. It weighs between 15 and 30 grams in adults, and consists of two butterfly-shaped lobes on both sides of the trachea, the two lobes joined by the isthmus. The thyroid gland regulates the body's metabolism, it produces proteins and regulates the body's sensitivity to other hormones.

Below are listed the main functions of this gland.

• Quantification of basal metabolism, thyroid hormones (TH) regulate the basal metabolic rate, hence, the quantification of this was the first technique was used to assess thyroid function. Today, because there is other evidence that the basal metabolism can be modified by many other causes thyroid.
• Quantification of radioactive iodine uptake: is somewhat nonspecific, and therefore rarely used. Uptake is increased in some types of hyperthyroidism (Graves Basedow disease, [[thyrotoxic adenoma etc.) And in those circumstances in which the TSH is elevated in the presence of functioning thyroid tissue (iodine deficiency, deficiency of enzymes HT synthesis). Uptake is decreased in hypothyroidism in people who receive large amounts of iodine and thyroiditis before administering radioactive iodine to rule out pregnancy. With radioactive iodine can get a picture of areas of the thyroid (thyroid scan). This method reveals the functional anatomy of the thyroid.
• Thyroid Ultrasound: here we can measure the size, identification of nodes, define their characteristics is important for children to differentiate the pathology of a thyroglossal cyst tiroiodes
• Aspiration: cytology may be done in the existing injury.
• Measurement of free T4 and TSH, indicating a high free T4 and low thyrotoxicosis hypothyroidism. TSH is low in hyperthyroid patients and higher in hypothyroidism. If you are a normal T4 and TSH suppressed, it is necessary to measure free T3 to exclude thyrotoxicosis.
• Measurement of thyroglobulin antibodies and peroxidase: allows assessment of the thyroid autoimmune phenomena (such as Basedow Graves disease or Hashimoto's thyroiditis).
• Urinary excretion of iodine (urinary iodine) is a reliable indicator of iodine intake.

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